How Diversity in Higher Education Affects Student Outcomes Professor Ramos Blog

How Diversity in Higher Education Affects Student Outcomes Summary In this report we will be discussing how diversity can impact student’s education outcomes in both a positive and negative matter. We will be looking at several studies from various scholars who have researched the topic and published their findings. While we review these studies, we will break down what it means for a student and how it can impact them. I will also use supporting evidence from first hand experiences from staff members of universities that face and see the issues surrounding diversity in higher education. First, we will look at history of higher education and diversity. Afterword’s we will move into how diversity can positively impact education, then we will move on to how it negatively impacts it. History of Diversity in Education Diversity is an issue that America has faced for hundreds of years and it affects every aspect of our life. Higher education is one of those aspects and a very important subject when it comes to diversity. For many years, prior to the massive black rights movements, discrimination was in a grey spot when it came to the law. Discrimination was illegal, but many states Jim Crow laws which allowed for separation by color, race and ethnicity. There were many loop holes in these laws and it was often used as a basis for legal discrimination of minorities. This impacted students who were considered minorities very heavily. They would be denied access to schools because it was a â€Å"white only school†. In 1954 a decision was made in the landmark court case Brown vs. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, 1954. The decision is as follows; Segregation of White and Negro students based on race in accordance to state laws are against the Fourteenth Amendment. Although this law was intended for public schools, many universities followed it as well. This did however create a smaller problem that was later challenged in court. Universities were holding a specific number of seats for minority students sometimes students who were not as qualified would be admitted over better qualified students. In 1978 this was challenged in the court case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265. This case decided that no applicant may be rejected because of his race, in favor of another who is less qualified, as measured by standards applied without regard to race. Although this is not a full proof way to make it fair, these cases allowed for a better and less race focused acceptance process to universities. Applicants to universities are not accepted based on race or ethnicity but on qualifications. Positive Impacts of Diversity in Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is great benefit to having diversity in education, especially in higher education. This exposes students to new world views and helps them see the other side of arguments in a more logical way. The first study we will discuss was conducted at UCLA from 1987-1991. The study involved roughly 4,300 students and faculty members from 309 predominantly white universities. The outcome of the study showed that when faculty introduced a more diverse curriculum in their classes, students did better and said they felt they learned more. Students felt that they were more accepting of people and worked better with them when they were from different backgrounds. The study indicates that â€Å"opportunities for interaction with diverse peers foster civic development †¦ and cultural knowledge and awareness† (Hurtado 198). The study also provides evidence that students who interacted with a more diverse group of peers, faculty and curricu lum â€Å"has a substantial positive effect on skills needed to function in a diverse society† (Hurtado 199). The study also looks at faculty and how a diverse faculty helps student outcomes. According to the study, when a university has a more diverse faculty, it helps students experience a more diverse curriculum because the professors of different backgrounds would require readings and discussions on racial, ethnic, gender and social issues (see table 1). Table 1 Percentage of male and female professors who had specific curriculum requirements that exposed students to diversity. Source: Linking Diversity and Educational Purpose: How Diversity Affects the Classroom Environment and Student Development† Diversity Challenged: Evidence on the Impact of Affirmative Action. 2001, Table 1. Negative Impacts of Diversity in Education Now that we have covered the positive impacts of diversity in education outcomes, let’s look at the negative impacts in can have. Even with laws helping to prevent discrimination in applications and acceptance, there is still discrimination in many forms. The two we are going to cover are called â€Å"exclusionary practices† and racial prejudice. First, we are going to look at exclusionary practices. This is when someone is excluding, from an activity or group, because of their background. It is not always done knowingly, it can happen on a sub conscience level. In Ibrahim Mohamad Karkouti research article he proposes â€Å"that higher education institutions still fail to embrace diversity and multiculturalism due to their conservative nature† (405). This means that although on paper institutions say they embrace diversity, it is sewn into their nature that they ignore diversity. It is not something the staff knowingly does, but it is something that tends to happ en especially in predominantly white institutions. An example of this would be that full-time faculty at universities are generally 17% minority while the remaining are white (Ibrahim 405). This leads to a less diverse curriculum; therefore, a student is exposed to other backgrounds and cultures less. This has the opposite effect of when a student is exposed to a more diverse curriculum, the student stays in their personal majority bubble and does not branch out into meeting students considered minority. The previous example shows how exclusionary practices work and why they are harmful. We will now talk about racial prejudice in universities. This is a subject that goes far beyond education, but in education is has a huge effect. In education the biggest type of racial prejudice is stereotyping. Students tend to stereotype anyone who is not from the same background as them. When choosing partners to work with or professors to take some students base it off race and how they stereot ype the persons background. What the student does not realize is they are only hurting their own development (Osa 5). This way of thinking stops the student from being exposed to different world views. As we previously discussed, students who are exposed to different world views tend to have a better outlook on the world and themselves. This shows in their education, as it is easier for the student to learn things from new perspectives when they are open minded. Conclusion We have covered 3 main topics in diversity in education. The history, the good and the bad. Overall diversity plays a large role in student outcome. Whether that outcome is positive or negative is up to the faculty and the student’s personal thoughts. When the faculty can expose a student to new ways of thinking and seeing different backgrounds and cultures, it greatly improves a student’s education and will help them far into the future. It is a very diverse world we live in and when a student is more prepared for that, they will have a higher chance of success. On the contrary, when a university fails to expose a student to different cultures and backgrounds and the student chooses to remain ignorant of them, it hurts the student’s education. The student will not be as prepared for the diverse career field they are most likely going into. Thus, they will be hindered from the start and need to learn to be accepting of another person’s background. Hurtado, Sylvia. â€Å"Linking Diversity and Educational Purpose: How Diversity Affects the Classroom Environment and Student Development† Diversity Challenged: Evidence on the Impact of Affirmative Action. 2001, pp 187-203. ERIC Institute of Education Services, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED456199 Karkouti, Ibrahim Mohamad. â€Å"Professional Leadership Practices and Diversity Issues in the U.S. Higher Education System: A Research Synthesis.† Education, vol. 136, no. 4, Jan. 2016, pp. 405–412. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ericAN=EJ1104195site=ehost-live. Osa, Justina O. â€Å"The Pervasiveness of Racial Prejudice in Higher Education in the U.S.: Raising Awareness and Solution.† Forum on Public Policy Online, vol. 2007, no. 3, Jan. 2007. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ericAN=EJ1099150site=ehost-live. Powell, Lewis F., Jr, and Supreme Court Of The United States. U.S. Reports: University of California Regents v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265. 1977. Periodical. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, loc.gov/item/usrep438265/. Warren, Earl, and Supreme Court Of The United States. U.S. Reports: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483. 1953. Periodical. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, loc.gov/item/usrep347483/.

How social media is affecting the mind of youth in America Research Paper

How social media is affecting the mind of youth in America - Research Paper Example In addition, the paper also discusses the use of social media among the youths to give essence to discussion of the strong correlation. Further, the research came to conclude that youths’ ignorance about the effects of social media on their activities is the major cause for the negative impacts: consequently, they should be taught about the pros and cons. Human growth and development is characterized by distinct stages that happen along the course of life, one of these is the youth stage. The youthful stage is where a person experiences several physical and biological changes in the body. The youthful stage involves young people looking for more extended relationships with members of the opposite sex. Due to peer pressure they may end up engaging in behaviors that can be detrimental or useful in their future lives, this is the stage where young people are active in terms of information search about different things; entertainment, careers, relationships and technology. It goes without mention that modern advances in information and technology have been responsible for the increased knowledge and awareness about different systems of life by the youth (Large 2005). The youths of modern times are far much informed at their age than the youths of a century ago in the similar age group, thanks to information and technology of the latter days. In this development, the influence brought by social media cannot be underscored. This is the single development that has advanced the way people socialize and conduct their activities, in fact, social media has had a great effect in the way business organizations conduct their research and marketing objectives. It has brought increased opportunities for business and management efficiencies as well as forms of communication and knowledge sharing among staff of business organizations. This paper considers its

Roanoke Island Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Roanoke Island - Research Paper Example The race for the newly discovered world, comprising of the modern day Americas, began in the later part of the 16th century. England had made numerous attempts to claim land across the Atlantic, long before it even won its conquest over Spain. For instance, in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert laid claim over Newfoundland on behalf of the reigning Queen Elizabeth I. However, Sir Gilbert died before he could establish a colony. In the subsequent year, the Queen commissioned Sir Walter Raleigh to arrogate land in newly discovered North America. Sir Raleigh’s expedition was intended to ensure that England had a colony that would enable it to have a grip on the Americas. The foothold would also make it possible for England to exploit available resources, convert pagans to Christianity, claim territory and institute a base from which to strategically attack Spanish ships. However, as a result of poor associations with the indigenous populace, improper geographical timing of colony establishment and inefficient links with the parent country due to foreign conflicts, the settlers of this original English-American colony were destined to fail. The initiative of colonizing the North American coast was set in motion soon after Queen Elizabeth one gave an official charter to Sir Walter Raleigh to establish a colony in a suitable location. After acquiring formal approval from the Queen in 1584, Sir Raleigh created and funded a scouting expedition with the sole mandate of exploring the American coastline and finding a perfect spot to establish the proposed colony. The scout team, led by Captains Arthur Barlow and Phillip Amadas came back with a positive report of the location, that is, Roanoke Island; a land mass off the shore of contemporary North Carolina. The scouts described the Island with glowing terms, praising it for its fertility and pleasant nature. They also reported that Roanoke was occupied by friendly and loving people. Judging from the enthusiastic report, Raleigh and others decided that the Island’s sheltered and secure shores formed a perfect location to establish England’s maiden colony in this N ew World. In the year 1985, after receiving the Queen's financial support and blessing, the first boatload of colonists set sail for the North American coast (Clark n.pg). The initial 100 men, who went to Roanoke Island primarily comprised of soldiers. The men established a settlement on the northern side of Roanoke Island and immediately built a fort. Since they did not have sufficient supplies, these initial colonists exchanged trinkets and beads to the native populace for food and other basic necessities (Clark n.pg). As winter began and food increasingly became scarce, tension heightened between the locals and the English settlers. The expeditions also deteriorated the original kindness that the Native Americans felt toward the settlers. This is because the colonists regularly abducted tribal leaders with the intent of holding them in exchange for scarce supplies. The English settlers treated the locals with disrespect in spite of the fact that they relied on them for basic supp lies. After suffering such a difficult winter, the supply ships still did not arrive as expected in spring. By this time there was actual conflict between the locals and the settlers. Following the constant war with Native Americans, deprivation of food and becoming impatient waiting for the overdue supplies fleet, the colonists decided to travel back home. The overdue supply ships arrived just two weeks later and found the colony abandoned. The fleet left about 15 men to take care of the English settlement in readiness for the next group or recruits (Kupperman 12-25). After the first failure, Sir Raleigh decided to take another attempt at English settlement in Roanoke. During this second attempt, which took place in 1587, Raleigh chose to mix up the prospective English settlement. The recruits comprised of ninety one men, seventeen women and nine children (Kupperman

Hamlet Gray or Dorian Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Gray or Dorian Hamlet Essay Comparative Analysis Essay Dorsal Gray Hamlet Throughout the play Hamlet we see the themes of obsession and good vs.. Evil, Hamlet struggles with his Inner demons until his tragic and untimely death. In the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray we meet a character that Is very similar to Hamlet In his continuous struggles with his good vs.. Evil persona and obsession with youth, Many character Is Oscar Wilds, Dorsal Gray represent those of Hamlet. Both Dorsal Gray and Hamlet who have love Interest that both happen to die In the midst of Hamlet and Grays battle within them selves. All though not all characters are represented you see a pattern with the minor character that help show the tragic heros true intentions. Both Hamlet and Dorian Gray struggle with obsession through their lives. While Hamlets is more of an obsession with avenging his fathers death while Dorian Gray obsesses over youth and beauty. Hamlet is obviously the more likable character but is makes you wonder how did Oscar Wiled make his audience able relate to Dorian, a greedy, evil and selfish human being? Although Hamlet had a peculiar way of showing his love and devotion to his father the reader an still understand why he would seek revenge and obsess over his death, Shakespeare shows us Hamlets true intentions with his famous and lengthy soliloquy. Dorian Gravys entire philosophy is based off selfishness. Hamlet, unlike Dorian feels guilt for is crimes until the death of Claudia while Dorian Gray puts himself in a false sense of security, while his conscience often thinks about repenting he slowly falls deeper and deeper into evil with the help of The Yellow Book and Lord Henry. Good vs.. Evil is large contrast in both novels; both characters suffer with their Evil did but only Hamlet makes an attempt to redeem himself. Towards the end of his life Hamlet attempts to apologize for the deaths of Alerts father and sister, Aphelia and Polonium, He is even upset about the death of Alerts whom he didnt mean to kill. Dorian Gray on the other hand hardly mourns for the death of his ex-fiance © Sybil, and takes great relief in the deaths of James, Sibyls brother who comes to avenge her death, his admirer Basil and former friend Alan. While he tries to hide his hypocrisy by constantly false repenting his portrait continues to grow In horror and eventually shows the transformation of what an evil soul he has become. Hamlet, the tragic character who finally realizes toward the end of the play all the pain and suffering he has caused apologizes, dying and noble and honorable death. Dorsal that Is neither honorable nor noble. Although the reader could see that Dorsal Grays last action before death is his way of showing guilt. He can no longer stand the stain Dorian and Hamlet both resemble the obsessive and even murderous side but where they differ is that Hamlet has a conscious unlike his counterpart, Dorian Gray

Essays --

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a psychological disorder that is described in the DSM-5 as a specifier to describe subpopulations of patients with recurrent depressive disorders and bipolar disorder. It is unique because unlike depression symptoms, seasonal affective disorder has variations in onset, intensity and remission following a temporal pattern (American Psychiatric, 2013). Seasonality is seasonal variation in behavior and mood and seasonal affective disorder describes the extreme end of seasonality. The most common form of this disorder is Winter SAD in which the depressive symptoms begin in the fall and winter and go into remission in the spring in summer but the opposite, Summer SAD where depressive symptoms begin in the spring and summer and go into remission in the fall and winter is also sometimes observed. In recent years, there has been more of a push to advocate getting help for seasonal affective disorder for those that need it. The treatment that is most often provided is bright light therapy. The cause of this disorder is generally considered to be lack of exposure to sunlight but there are many factors that have been found to contribute to the susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder, such as the latitudinal position, the activity level, gender and age, and the personality of a person. One of the most widely known and tested factors that affects susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder is latitudinal position. This factor was one of the first used in explaining seasonal affective disorder. As a person moves higher in latitude which means goes north, the amount of sunlight per day is significantly reduced, which can cause seasonal affective disorder to begin to arise. This lack of sunlight can c... ...light-latitude hypothesis of seasonal depression needs to be looked at again or more focus added to another possible factor that could contribute to SAD (Haggarty et al., 2001). In conclusion, though often looked over, seasonal affective disorder is a very serious disorder that is shown to be as severe as non-seasonal major depression. Both Winter SAD and Summer SAD can be debilitating for the patient who has them. The latitudinal position, the activity level, gender and age, and the personality of a person are all factors that can contribute to susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder or can help us in understanding and possibly even treating it. Aside from these factors, there is research going on even now looking into other possible factors that could contribute to the susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder as well as new treatments for the disorder.

Gender wage gap Essay

Gender wage gap is defined as difference between the mens earnings and also the womens earning according to hourly earnings, annual earnings or even weekly earnings. Gender wage gap is referred to difference between an average of all male earnings and all female earning in comparison to percentage of the male earnings (Shamie, 1986). In contrary to this gender wage gap may be expressed as gender pay gap. It is identified that the gender wage gap does not consistently accustom to part time workers earnings. It is absolutely 17.5 since this is the current percentage of average earnings that is held compulsory. Reasons for gender wage gap There are reasons as to why the gender wage gap happens. These reasons include the congressional District whereby the state does not administer the stack up of the gender workers hence there are disparities encountered. The second reason explores that, people have been wondering about the gender wage gap whereby men have been getting paid much more payment than women (Hirsch, 2010). There are people perspectives which lay a foundation that women are getting paid less because they choose lower paying jobs as well as working part time than the male. In moral view, within the US a gender wage gap has already been spotted to have affected women of all ages, education levels, different races and also ethnicity. However, women have been experienced the gender wage gap even though some states are worse in gender wage gap than others. The gender wage gap has taken its place in most of the states in a way that its worse for women of color. Probably all women are affected by the gender wage gap but for the women of color are not affected so worse.

E Commerce Commercial Transactions Conducted...

INTRODUCTION: E-commerce is known as commercial transactions conducted electronically on the Internet. Introduce GOGAL to online business in order to individual customer and to support visitors to become customers and to encourage loyalty for repeat purchase in their customer to develop maintain the GOGAL brand and need to identify their target market through types of advertising and their placement use of e-mail, CRM, social media etc. in visitors/ customers communication. Ecommerce definition and types of ecommerce: Ecommerce (e-commerce) or electronic commerce, is the purchasing, selling, and exchanging of goods and services over computer networks (such as the Internet) through which transactions or terms of sale are performed electronically. Contrary to popular belief, ecommerce is not just on the Web. In fact, ecommerce was alive and well in business to business transactions before the Web back in the 70s via EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) through VANs (Value-Added Networks). Ecommerce can be broken into four main categories: B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C. B2B (Business-to-Business) Companies responsibility business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailer. Price is base on number of classify and is often negotiable. Example: Grainger was one of the first big B2B e-commerce sites in the U.S. Most hail the site as one of the best (if not THE best) B2B e-commerce site out there. Grainger is No. 13 in the InternetShow MoreRelatedResearch Journals on One Way Anova Test785 Words   |  4 PagesE-Commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known as  e-commerce consists of the buying and selling of  products  or  services  over electronic systems such as the Internet and other  computer networks. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of  e-business. 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